03 Jul
Diet and nutrition, Life Style, Physical health

Roles of folic acid during pregnancy

 Fetal neural tube formation:

 Folic acid is necessary for the division of nervous system cells and the development of the fetal nervous system.  Due to the fact that the neural tube of the fetus is formed in the first 28 days of pregnancy, that is, when a person may not even be aware of his pregnancy, folic acid deficiency can cause defects in the formation of the neural tube of the fetus and the occurrence of disorders in this field. For this reason, reputable medical authorities in the world recommend that all women who are likely to become pregnant (from puberty to menopause) consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily. Some of these disorders caused by folic acid deficiency are: spina bifida (remaining the base of the vertebrae which causes the spinal cord and nerves to be exposed);  Anencephaly (congenital absence of brain and spinal cord);  and encephalocele (extrusion of the brain inside a cavity in the skull wall).

b) Prevention of megaloblastic anemia in pregnant mother and fetus:

 Megaloblastic or macrocytic anemia (enlargement of red blood cells) is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid, in which red blood cells are formed incompletely and do not have the ability to transport oxygen.  The recommended daily intake of folic acid for pregnant women is approximately 800 micrograms.

c) Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy causes cleft palate and cleft palate in the fetus.

Signs and symptoms of folic acid deficiency:

 Destruction of the mucosa of the digestive tract, reduction of absorption of nutrients, diarrhea, anorexia and weight loss

 Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath and reduced concentration

 Decreased platelet production and increased risk of abnormal bleeding

 Impaired development of white blood cells and reduced immune response

 Elevation of blood homocysteine ​​and increased risk of atherosclerosis (hardening of blood vessels)

 Defects in the growth and development of the fetal neural tube and the occurrence of congenital abnormalities

 Megaloblastic anemia

 Disorder of growth and development

 hair loss

29 Jun
Diseases, Life Style

Fatty Liver

 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease usually occurs in people who are obese or sedentary and who have a diet rich in processed food products.  One of the best ways to treat fatty liver disease is to control the diet.

 In a healthy body, the liver helps remove toxic compounds from the body and produces bile needed for digestion.  Fatty liver disease leads to the destruction of the liver and impairs its efficiency.

 In general, a suitable diet for fatty liver includes the following:

 Lots of fruits and vegetables

 Plants with high fiber content such as legumes and whole grains

 Reducing the amount of sugar, salt, fat and refined carbohydrates (such as white bread, which has been stripped of many of its nutrients)

 Refrain from consuming products containing alcohol

 Using a suitable food for the fatty liver diet, containing low fat and reduced calories, leads to weight loss and reduces the risk of fatty liver disease.

29 Jun
Diet and nutrition, Life Style, Physical health

Super beneficial fruits and vegetables

 Today, extensive research has been done on the practicality of fruits and vegetables with yellow, orange and green colors.

 The beneficial effects of these plants have been attributed to their fiber content and some compounds in them such as flavonoids and antioxidant pigments.

 Pigments in fruits and vegetables such as carrots, radishes, tomatoes, spinach, oranges, tangerines, apricots, mangoes, peaches, nectarines, melons, watermelons, pumpkins, peas, sweet corn, and flavonoids in soybeans, tea, cocoa, broccoli,  Garlic, turmeric, sour cherries and many berries are found in abundance.

 These compounds can neutralize the harmful radicals resulting from the oxidation reactions created in the body and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, asthma, arthritis and vision disorders.

 It is necessary to know that heat or short-term cooking of colorful vegetables and fruits in a small amount of vegetable oil can increase the absorption of pigments several times.

 For example, the absorption power of tomato pigment in its processed products such as paste and sauce is high. Also, mixing milk with carrot juice will help better absorption of carrot pigments due to milk fat.

 Of course, it is not bad to know that receiving antioxidant compounds from the diet in a short period of time will not have much effect on health or preventing the occurrence of diseases.

 Taking too much of these compounds does not have any side effects or symptoms of poisoning, and only excess of yellow and orange fruits causes skin color change, especially in the areas of the hands, feet, and face.

27 Jun
Diseases, Life Style

burn

 A burn is characterized by severe skin damage that causes the loss of skin cells.  Burns are divided into three types based on their severity: first degree, second degree and third degree burns. The degree of burn is determined based on the amount of damage to the skin.  In this way, first-degree burns are the most minor and third-degree burns are the most severe.

 Damage includes:

First degree burns: redness, skin without blisters

 Second degree burns: Blisters and some thickening of the skin

 Third degree burns: extensive thickness and skin with a white, leathery appearance

 Of course, it goes without saying that there are also fourth degree burns. This type of burn includes all the symptoms of a third degree burn. But it also spreads outside the skin and towards the tendons and bones.

27 Jun
Diseases, Life Style

cancer

Cancer is the abnormal division and production of cells that can spread in the body. This disease includes more than 100 different types. Evidence shows that more than a third of cancer deaths are related to nutrition and lifestyle such as inadequate diet, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, and of course overweight and obesity.

 Therefore, the food you consume is very important in preventing diseases.

 Exercise regularly.

 Minimize the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

 No smoking.

 Have a balanced and healthy diet.

 There are some vitamins and minerals that can prevent cancer and even slow down the disease process; for example :

 Polyphenols in fruits and vegetables

 Green tea

 Turmeric curcumin

 Red grape resveratrol and berries

 A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, soybeans and herbs such as turmeric, cinnamon, green tea and coffee.

 Chemotherapy and its goals

 In chemotherapy, chemical and pharmaceutical substances are used to interfere with the stages of the cell cycle, especially the stages related to the synthesis and replication of tumor cells.

 Chemotherapy has three primary goals:

 Treatment: Obtaining a durable response to a specific cancer treatment

 Control: prolonging life when treatment is not possible;  eradication of microscopic metastases after tumors are surgically removed;  Reduction of tumor volume before surgery or radiation therapy

 Relief: improving the level of comfort and convenience, when treatment or control of the disease is not possible;  improving the quality of life;  Reducing the tumor burden, thereby helping to alleviate the symptoms associated with cancer, such as pain and organ blockage.

 Radiotherapy

 Radiation therapy uses ionizing radiation to damage or destroy cells in the treated area. The energy emitted from the radiation damages the genetic material of the cell and prevents the cells from continuing to grow.  Both groups of healthy and cancerous cells are affected by radiation in the treatment area, but healthy cells recover faster.

 Nutritional support is vital and essential in people undergoing radiation therapy. For patients undergoing radiation therapy, medical nutrition therapy is directly related to symptom management.

27 Jun
Diseases, Life Style

Diabetes

Diabete is a disorder in the metabolism of sugars in the body, in which either there is not enough insulin in the body, or the existing insulin is not able to do its function properly, and as a result, there is resistance to it and Blood sugar rises.Insulin is a hormone that is secreted by “beta” cells located in the pancreas gland and its main task is to reduce blood sugar. Pancreas is also one of the glands of the digestive system, which is located behind the stomach. High blood sugar in the long term causes complications in the cardiovascular system, kidneys, eyes and nervous system.

 Complications: Diabetic people are at risk of neuropathy and vascular disorders such as stroke, retinopathy and nephropathy.

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes accounts for 10-15% of all diabetes cases. This type of diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed by the body’s immune system and insulin is either not produced or secreted in small amounts. For this reason, people with this type of diabetes must provide the body with insulin in the form of daily injections from the time of diagnosis.  Type 1 diabetes often occurs under the age of 30.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults over 30 years old and obese, and includes 90-85% of all diabetes cases. In this disease, in fact, either the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin, or the secreted insulin lacks the necessary efficiency due to insulin resistance, especially in obese people.  This type of diabetes is often controlled by changing diet and lifestyle, but drug therapy such as oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin may be necessary.

 Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes occurs in women who develop glucose intolerance during this period.  This type of diabetes is usually transient and occurs in the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy. This disease generally improves after the end of pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

 Thus, in these patients, it is important to use products that do not increase blood sugar and do not contain carbohydrates and sugar compounds. Entera meal powder is suitable as a vitamin supplement for diabetics.

27 Jun
Diet and nutrition, Life Style, Physical health

Signs and symptoms of deficiency of water-soluble vitamins

 Vitamin B1: causes anorexia in the early stages. Prolonged deficiency of thiamine causes Beriberi disease.  Alcoholic patients with chronic thiamine deficiency may have central nervous system manifestations.

 Vitamin B2: Riboflavin deficiency is rare in humans. The most common symptom of riboflavin deficiency is paleness of the mucous membrane, sores at the corners of the mouth.  Decreased visual acuity, dry and burning eyes, cataracts, inflammation of scleral vessels.

 Vitamin B3: Vitamin B3 deficiency is rare in humans. Symptoms of vitamin B3 deficiency include numbness of the big toe, myalgia (extreme fatigue), fatigue, headache, insomnia, intestinal dysfunction, paresthesia of hands and feet, and antibody production disorder.

 Folic acid (vitamin B9): In the early stages, the blood level of homocysteine ​​may increase. As a result of continuous deficiency of folic acid, megaloblastic anemia occurs.

 Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 deficiency initially manifests as anemia and neurological changes.  As a result of vitamin B12 deficiency, pernicious anemia (dangerous) occurs.

 Pernicious anemia is a type of megaloblastic anemia caused by the reaction of the body’s defense system against the cells of the stomach wall. The cells of the stomach wall secrete intrinsic factor, which is necessary to absorb vitamin B12 from food. Therefore, the destruction of cells  Stomach wall causes the lack of intrinsic factor and as a result, decreased absorption of vitamin B12.

 Vitamin C: severe deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy and is associated with bleeding manifestations and dysfunction of the immune system.

 Vitamin H (Biotin): Some symptoms of biotin deficiency include dry and scaly skin, anorexia, seborrheic dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and neurological disorders.

27 Jun
Diet and nutrition, Life Style, Physical health

vitamins

 Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in small amounts to carry out specific metabolic actions and therefore must be present in the diet. These substances are necessarily made in the body of living organisms.  These substances are necessary for biochemical reactions in the body.

 How many categories are vitamins divided into?

Vitamins are divided into two groups, water-soluble and fat-soluble.

 Water soluble vitamins include the following.

 “It should be noted that these vitamins are excreted through urine and are not dangerous if they are consumed even up to ten times the RDA.”

 The group of B vitamins includes: B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 ​​(pyridoxine, pyrodoxal, pyrodoxamine), B9 (acid folic or folate), B12 (cyanocobalamin), H(biotin) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid).

Fat soluble vitamins include the following vitamins.  Since these vitamins are stored in the body, they should be used carefully and cautiously because they may cause poisoning.

 A (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid), D (cholecalciferol), E (tocopherol), K (phytonadione).

27 Jun
Diet and nutrition, Life Style, Physical health

Diet

 The human diet consists of three main parts:

 Carbohydrates: according to the correct principles of nutrition, 55% of a person’s daily energy consumption should be provided from these food sources. (Each gram of carbohydrate produces 4 kcal of energy)

 Fats: provide 30% of a person’s daily food energy.  Contains saturated and unsaturated fats.

 (Each gram of fat produces 9 kcal of energy.)

 Proteins: These substances provide up to 15% of a person’s daily energy, which are necessary to maintain the structure and function of many body organs.

 (Each gram of protein produces 4 kcal of energy)

 In addition to the macronutrients mentioned above, the diet consists of micronutrients including vitamins and minerals.

غذای ویژه
27 Jun
Diet and nutrition, Life Style, Physical health

Special foods

Special foods

 Special foods are foods that are specifically prepared for the scientific management of the diet of people who have distinct and special nutritional needs that cannot be met by using a normal diet. Special foods are designed, formulated and prepared in such a way that they fully meet the needs of people according to the special conditions they are in, and improve the health of the consumer through the complete supply of nutritional needs.

 Also, special foods provide the nutrients needed to manage the diet of people with underlying diseases or special medical conditions that cannot meet their nutritional needs with a normal diet.  These products can be taken directly orally or through a gavage tube or stoma.

 Fast meal as a special food due to its nutritional completeness and appropriateness can be used as the only source of food or along with other meals in normal conditions or in special nutritional conditions such as childhood and growing age. And also to be used in old age to promote health.